Published Thursday, September 2, 2010 @ 10:39 am

Well, it’s fall. In terms of school, anyway. And if you have a kid heading off to college now or this time next year, it means all kinds of expenses, like dorm supplies, new clothes, a computer and of course, textbooks.

A student’s learning resources have become one of the most underrated expenses of the college experience. Parents today worry greatly about tuition and room and board (as they should) but tend to be quite surprised when another $1,000 is needed just so a student can do the required readings.

For parents in a tough financial spot but who managed to send a child off to college, textbook costs can become a unexpected economical pain-point. Thankfully, there are more options than ever before for saving on the rising costs of books and other published resources.

Apparently, a new law was passed recently (who knew?) that mandates colleges and universities post online the course materials per semester schedule. This means that you have more time to research the best financial avenues to explore for cheaper books because the cost and ISBN (International Standard Book Number, in case you’re curious) will be listed with the course.

Now, let’s get digging.

First—and this sounds obvious but you would be surprised at how rarely it’s used—go to the college library. Most schools buy textbooks for their library collections as well and voila, you have a free book! Sure, it’s going to need to be renewed a few times but hey, the early bird catches the worm.

One of your next best options is to rent your textbooks. Granted, this isn’t the best approach for long-term learning but at least you’ll have time to understand to what extent a professor uses a specific book and then decide, after the course, if its worth purchasing. And if it is not a book for a course in your child’s major, long-term ownership wouldn’t make all that much sense anyway.

Web sites like Chegg.com and CampusBookRentals.com rent textbooks. Be sure to understand their guidelines to avoid late or damage fees. Let’s kid ourselves, course books make great beer mug coasters.

Since this is college in the age of the Internet, don’t forget about the ever-growing collection of e-books. Without all the expensive printing and distribution costs, electronic versions are often substantially less and coincide perfectly with the level of comfort today’s college students have with the Web and reading things from laptop screens.

Web sites for your student to peruse for e-versions of their books include CourseSmart.com and Abebooks.com. There are also options for included course materials that commonly accompany a respective text. Once downloaded, there are a number of additional ways to make highlights and bookmark specific sections that need to be referred to later in the course. There is also a service called iChapters.com that allows for the download of individual chapters of specific books.

Like any expensive product, don’t forget the value of simply shopping around. A $10 difference per book can offer pretty nice savings to college parents on a budget, which includes just about everyone today. Remember that the books get updated quite often, so the ISBN is your friend when it comes to ensuring you have the latest version required for a course.

College costs are continuing to climb every year and the grants and scholarships available don’t seem to be keeping pace. Plus, more and more kids are attending college, so the competition is only increasing. Remember that federal college savings plans can remain intact after a bankruptcy, so plan early and contribute often.

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Published Monday, August 9, 2010 @ 2:00 pm

This unrelenting economic downturn has been tough on all Americans—whether they be single, dating, engaged, married or widowed. But, as anyone who has ever been married already knows: money (or lack thereof) can be the main cause of many couple’s marital strife. As a result, in this especially difficult economic climate—full of job insecurity, foreclosures, and slow economic gains—many have been pushed to the brink of bankruptcy, and, along with them, the people who love and wanted to marry them.

So what should you do if you are preparing to marry someone drowning in debt?

While as a general rule, you are not liable for your spouse’s debt, in some cases the debt follows the “I Do’s” and you may end up paying that debt anyway. For example, consider your new spouse (or future spouse) has $70,000 in credit card debts and other unsecured, consumer debts. He/she has an income of $35,000, below average median income levels. Based on his/her income alone, he/she could easily solve his or her insolvency issues with the benefits of a personal bankruptcy through Chapter 7. By comparison, your income is nearly $80,000 and you have no unsecured debts. This second, higher income could “mean” bad news under bankruptcy’s “Means Test.”

Bankruptcy’s “Means Test” is a formula for determining a debtor’s ability to pay back their debts. An inability to pass this test disqualifies someone from Chapter 7 bankruptcy, making Chapter 13 (or 11 for those with extremely high amounts of income and/or debt) the debtor’s only option. Because income for purposes of the “Means Test” includes “family income,” a new spouse’s income must be considered in determining the debtor-spouse’s “Means Test,” even when the new spouse has no stake in, or need to file for, bankruptcy.

In the above example, the new spouse’s relative affluence can make the debtor-spouse ineligible for the benefits of Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Without the option of a liquidation bankruptcy under Chapter 7, as mentioned, the debtor’s only option is now Chapter 13—a peition requiring a three to five year repayment plan.  As a result, the new spouse “marries into” his or her debtor-spouse’s debt, and the higher salary is forced to subsidize repayment of that debt when the Chapter 7 bankruptcy cannot.

Because of this consideration, couples considering marriage, and bankruptcy, should consult with a qualified bankruptcy attorney when determining the timing of either decision. In some cases, filing for Chapter 7 prior to marriage (or prior to a couple cohabitating in one household), can mean a better result for the debtor under the “Means Test.” In other cases, marriage can increase a household size, thereby qualifying the household for Chapter 7. Other considerations include the fact that marriage can act to bind personal property, real property and other financial assets, making them exempt from the bankruptcy process. In short, a little planning before the nuptials, and your bankruptcy, can pay dividends for the beginning of a lifetime together on the road to financial freedom.

If you are considering filing for bankruptcy to strengthen your union, as well as your finances, knowing a qualified bankruptcy attorney can also help you make the right spending decisions, yielding the right kinds of support, information and insights—at a low cost— for a fiscally viable and secure portfolio.  The bankruptcy experts at the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt offer a totally FREE debt consultation and now, more than ever, it’s time to take them up on their offer. Just call toll free to 1-800-899-1414, or during the off hours, you can make your own appointment right online at www.billsbills.com. Simply click on the yellow “FREE Consultation Now” button.

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Published Friday, July 30, 2010 @ 8:38 am

Given the popularity of channels like HGTV and all of those televised extreme home makeovers , it’s more than apparent that America is a nation full of  “do-it-yourselfers:” people drawn to the idea of going it alone in order to get it done right—their way, the first time.

As a result, it’s not surprising that in this self-supported culture there are so many services available online and offline that, for a fee, offer any DIY inclined consumer the opportunity to file their own bankruptcy. In fact, in these tough financial times, DIY bankruptcy petition “farms” are becoming increasingly popular for cash-strapped debtors who know that they need bankruptcy protections but don’t believe that they can afford an actual bankruptcy attorney.  Using these services could spell trouble for your self-perpetuated petition and your already beleaguered budget.  Here’s why:

Lack of Adequate Information
When you begin a DIY project for the first time like installing a light or fixing a leaky faucet or even building a home addition, it’s often helpful to have someone there to do more than just sell you the materials. A little instruction can go a long way in making the project a success. The same is true in bankruptcy. Unfortunately, many DIY bankruptcy mills advertise self-serve bankruptcy forms that a debtor may purchase with no instruction manual on how to fill in the forms, much less get the most out of their bankruptcy petition. In the end, mistakes in the bankruptcy forms and filings can cost already insolvent debtors more time and money, including problems with keeping creditors at bay in the future, and possible criminal action if you have omitted an asset or mis-categorized a transaction.

Not Taking Earned Exemptions
In addition to confusion about forms and filings, a lack of instruction can lead to debtors missing out on much needed bankruptcy exemption—often the difference between saving your precious property or losing it to a circling creditor. When dealing with a bankruptcy trustee or creditor claims, a bankruptcy attorney’s experience can be invaluable in determining which of your remaining assets are exempt from their ongoing demands and how to properly claim exemptions.

No Protections From Creditor Attacks
If you’re trying to save your home or car, your bankruptcy petition can be that much more important. However, debtors that go it alone for DIY petitions, face an uphill battle in enacting and enforcing automatic stay protections that help end creditor harassment, foreclosures and repossessions. In the alternative, a personal  bankruptcy filing that is accurately filed as Chapter 7 or Chapter 13, and closely monitored by an experienced bankruptcy attorney can quickly and easily save real and personal property that would otherwise be at the mercy of a trustee anxious to pay off debt and creditors anxious to reclaim what they claim to be theirs.

As a result of the intricacies and nuances of a modern bankruptcy filing, it is essential to consult with a qualified attorney. In most cases, the up front fee for filing is minimal, as little as $338.00. Why go through the headache of doing this on your own? A qualified bankruptcy attorney is important during the bankruptcy process to help you navigate any uncertain waters and work in your best interests during the duration of your personal bankruptcy experience. The bankruptcy attorneys at the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt offer a totally FREE debt consultation and now, more than ever, it’s time to take them up on their offer. Just call toll free to 1-800-899-1414, or during the off hours, you can make your own appointment right online at www.billsbills.com. Simply click on the yellow “FREE Consultation Now” button.

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Published Friday, February 26, 2010 @ 7:15 am

For most bankruptcy bound individuals, a discharge of all individual debts is considered the Holy Grail of any bankruptcy filing, yielding a permanent injunction that prevents creditors from collecting on debts. However, any good discussion of debt dischargeability also tackles the primary exceptions to look out for when considering any bankruptcy filing.

Exceptions to the power of a bankruptcy discharge, include:

Certain Tax Obligations
Withholding taxes are not dischargeable in bankruptcy, although you may be able to use a Chapter 13 case to pay these over time (notwithstanding any accrued penalties and interest).  Similarly, sales taxes are not dischargeable, but again, Chapter 13 can establish a payment plan for lessening the load and paying this out over the long haul.

The question of whether your income tax can be discharged ultimately depends on how old the tax debt is and when you filed the tax return.  In order to be dischargeable, your tax debt for the tax year in question must meet the following conditions: the due date for filing your tax return is at least three years ago; your tax return was filed at least two years ago; the tax assessment is at least 240 days old; your tax return was not fraudulent; and you are not guilty of tax evasion.

For example, in a 2009 bankruptcy filing:

• Taxes from 2006-2008 are not dischargeable;
• Taxes from 2004 and before are eligible for review; and
• Taxes from 2005 are potentially dischargeable if the return was filed by the debtor on or before April 15, 2006. If the return was filed under an extension, then the 2005 taxes are not eligible for the following review unless the debtor files after October 15, 2009.

Fraud and Certain Credit Usages Before Filing
Fraud is a valid creditor objection to a bankruptcy discharge. To find fraud, a creditor must prove: (1) a statement made under false pretenses; (2) a material fact; (3) designed to deceive the creditor; (4) that does in fact deceive the creditor; (5) the creditor reasonably relies on the statement; and (6) the creditor suffers actual damages resulting from the reliance.

The general rule here is this: if you’re considering bankruptcy it’s best to avoid maxing out (or in some cases simply using) consumer credit, credit cards, or loans. Bankruptcy law now demands that bankruptcy bound debtors like you do not take cash advances or purchase luxury items on credit 90-days prior to your filing bankruptcy. If you do purchase large or luxury items through these means, creditors may challenge you (and these discharging these debts) in Court if they believe that you have acted in bad faith in using credit excessively.

Domestic Obligations
Alimony, child support and spousal maintenance debts are not dischargeable in either Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Additionally, the first prong of bankruptcy, the automatic stay, does not act to stop most collection efforts for these claims. An exception to this exception comes in the second type of domestic asset splitting known as equitable distribution. While equitable distribution—a dividing of martial property as a result of dissolution of the marriage—is no longer dischargeable in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the same is not true in Chapter 13. Chapter 13 bankruptcy, in what is called as its “super discharge,” can aid a former spouse having trouble paying their bills to eliminate this type of burden. These issues are complex, and it is important that you speak with a bankruptcy expert if you have these types of issues.

Student Loans
In an effort to protect the education lending industry, and allow student loan money for almost anyone who wants it, Congress has made virtually every advance in connection with education non-dischargeable in bankruptcy. To that end, these loans are non-dischargeable “unless excepting such debt from discharge…would impose an undue hardship on the debtor.” While the definition of “undue hardship” is ultimately to the discretion of your bankruptcy judge, if precedent is any “judge,” this is a high hurdle to surmount. As a result, if you’re considering a bankruptcy filing simply to discharge a large student loan bill, don’t lose hope, it may just be best to wait: the tide appears to be turning in Congress to loosen this exemption as the costs of education skyrocket and more and more Americans face insurmountable educational tabs.

Because of the complexities of bankruptcy law, a qualified bankruptcy attorney is a necessary tool in your financial toolbox to help you conquer your creditors and face your fiscal  fears, yielding the right kinds of debt relief—at a low cost— for a viable and secure future.  The bankruptcy experts at the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt offer a totally FREE debt consultation and now, more than ever, it’s time to take them up on their offer. Just call toll free to 1-800-899-1414, or during the off hours, you can make your own appointment right online at www.billsbills.com. Simply click on the yellow “FREE Consultation Now” button.

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Published Tuesday, February 2, 2010 @ 3:29 pm

It’s almost February and ‘tis the season for thinking about tax time—even more so if you find yourself considering the benefits of bankruptcy. So, if you believe bankruptcy is the right option to help you start fresh in 2010, in addition to trying to get your 2009 taxes filed in a timely manner, and wondering whether you can discharge any income tax debt in your bankruptcy filing, you may also be thinking about how you can protect your precious tax refund from creditor claims.

But, just in time to file (for taxes and/or bankruptcy), here are some timely tips for protecting your tax refund:

Alter Your Exemptions
If you’re expecting a larger tax refund in the same year you plan to file for bankruptcy, your first best step is to alter your tax exemptions and allowances in the months prior to a bankruptcy filing. Increasing your exemptions now means you’ll receive more money in your paycheck to use throughout the year and less money in the form of a lump sum tax return. In addition to the benefit of being able to apply that money to necessities throughout the year, that’ll be less money available for creditors to seize at the time of any necessary bankruptcy filing.

Apply for Advanced Earned Income
If you receive what’s known as an “earned income” tax credit you can also head off some bankruptcy issues by providing your employer with a W-5.  This special tax form allows you to receive your earned income credit on a monthly, weekly or quarterly basis. And like the tax refund, this process disburses this money directly to you, keeping your money out of government coffers and potentially out the hands of awaiting creditors.

Know Your Refund
While some can’t wait to file, many people time their bankruptcy for a time following the potential for receiving a non-exempt, but sizeable, sum.  As such, when considering your bankruptcy, it’s important to determine what your refund will be. Depending on whether you’re receiving a generous refund, you may consider holding off on your bankruptcy filing until you have had an opportunity to use the refund on your family’s necessities—spending the money on food, clothing, medical co-pays, car repairs, etc., keeping all receipts as you spend.  In the alternative, if you are planning to file for bankruptcy, do not use your tax refund to pay back relatives or friends, large sums of unsecured debt to any one unsecured creditor, or purchase luxury items, all of which could cause a problem with your bankruptcy filing in terms of creditor claims.

Know the Rules for the State You’re In
Your own state’s laws could mean your refund is partially or fully exempt from creditor claims. As a result, it is essential that you consult with a qualified bankruptcy attorney to review your individual bankruptcy situation in and around tax time. This consultation can assure you’ve attempted to protected your precious tax refund from every imaginable angle.

If you are considering bankruptcy, knowing a qualified bankruptcy attorney can also help you with additional tax decisions, yielding the right kinds of support, information and insights—at a low cost— for a financially viable and secure future.  The bankruptcy experts at the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt offer a totally FREE debt consultation and now, more than ever, it’s time to take them up on their offer. Just call toll free to 1-800-899-1414, or during the off hours, you can make your own appointment right online at http://www.billsbills.com. Simply click on the yellow “FREE Consultation Now” button.

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Published Tuesday, February 2, 2010 @ 2:30 pm

Many of our clients automatically assume they will lose their rental property if they file for bankruptcy. Isn’t that the whole idea of bankruptcy? That you give up everything you have, with a few exceptions, in exchange for getting the debt collectors off your back?

Well, no. Many factors come in to play in determining whether or not you will be forced to sell your rental property, including whether you file chapter 7 or chapter 13, how much money you owe on the property and how much income you receive from it.

Let’s start with chapter 7. If you file chapter 7, you get an exemption for the equity in your primary residence – how much depends on the state you live in – but rental property doesn’t qualify for the standard residence exemption. Therefore, you will only be able to protect the property from sale if you can cover it under your available wildcard exemption. The North Carolina wildcard exemption is $5,000.00 per filer- not much. However, your state may have additional protections if you own the property jointly with your spouse. In North Carolina, if you own the property jointly with your spouse, the property is only subject to claims of joint creditors. If all of your debt is in the name of one spouse or the other, the property may be protected- regardless of the amount of equity. Talk to a experienced bankruptcy attorney, who can examine how you hold title and if you have any joint debt.

But what if you don’t have any equity in the house, or minimal equity? What if, for example, the house is worth $100,000 and you owe $120,000, or even $99,000? The trustee’s job is to determine whether or not there is money for your creditors, not to take away everything that belongs to you. He will determine the property’s worth, then subtract the projected sales costs, selling it and paying taxes on the proceeds. If it’s not worth the trustee’s time and effort, it’s unlikely that he will try to sell it.

With Chapter 13, there are additional caveats and concerns. In general, you should be able to keep your rental property in a Chapter 13 filing. In fact, since the rental property is not your primary residence, you might be eligible for cramdown under chapter 13 – meaning that if you owe more than the property is worth, the bankruptcy judge is able to alter the terms of the mortgage to reflect the property’s current value rather than the amount you originally agreed to pay for it. This could lower your monthly mortgage payments, as well as the long term amount you have to pay to the bank for the property. Cramdown isn’t allowed on primary residences, but it is allowed on other secured debts, including rental property.

Do note, however, that rental property can, under certain circumstances, cost you money. The trustee in a Chapter 13 case will look at all the costs associated with the property – your mortgage payments, plus taxes, insurance, upkeep and repairs. If these costs outweigh the income the property brings in, the trustee may object to your plan on the basis that the money you’re spending on the property should be distributed to your unsecured creditors. In such a case, surrendering the property may be your best option. However, this is a very fact-sensitive issue and depends on how your jurisdiction interprets very complex provisions of the bankruptcy code. Only an experienced bankruptcy attorney can advise you on your specific situation. Bottom line- if you’re deeply in debt, talk to a bankruptcy attorney and get the real facts. In North Carolina, call the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt. Convenient office locations in Raleigh, Durham, Wilson and Fayetteville. Call today: 1-800-899-1414 or visit www.billsbills.com for more information.

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Published Monday, February 1, 2010 @ 4:46 pm

You may have read on the blog, or elsewhere, that many are calling our current economy a “middle class recession.” This is because the numbers are way up on bankruptcies filed by those who make more than $60,000 per year, up 6.9 percent from 2008. Bankruptcies on the whole are up 36.5 percent from this time last year.

So why does it matter how much money a person makes when filing bankruptcy? Well, because bankruptcy is often considered an escape route for the financially unreliable or worse yet, “something poor people do.” It’s just not true.

Today, bankruptcies are increasing among people in the real estate profession, namely developers and agents. When the housing bubble dissolved, so did the incomes for a lot of American families.

There are different types, or “chapters” of bankruptcy for a reason. Basically, some versions are better suited to different situations. Chapter 7, for example, is typically filed by those who may have lost a job or for some reason may not have regular source of income. It wipes out all debts, but also mandates a person dispose of their “non-exempt assets” as a way to repay creditors to whatever extent possible. If you have equity in property beyond available exemption limitations, you may have a “non-exempt asset”.  Many states’ exemptions, as well as the federal exemptions, provide some measure of protection for everything from your home to retirement accounts. It is not often the case that a family has assets beyond what available exemptions can protect.  Even if available exemptions do not cover all of a person’s property, Chapter 13 provides a way to pay the equity above available exemptions to unsecured creditors, so that a person may keep his property, if he can afford to do so.

For those who are still earning a living or at least have a source of money, Chapter 13 creates a three- to five-year payment plan. Your plan payment will largely consist of secured debt, like your car and mortgage payments. Because the plan payment can include your attorney fees, Chapter 13 is an attractive option if you do not have enough up-front money for Chapter 7 attorney fees.

Maybe you’re giving some thought to a debt-settlement firm instead of bankruptcy. Sure, it’s natural for you to want to negotiate your way out of debt. Unfortunately, many of these companies position themselves as an alternative to bankruptcy that will save your credit. More often, however, these debt settlement companies end up doing far more damage to your credit than if you had simply filed for bankruptcy from the start. Remember, just because you’re in a “debt-settlement” program, your creditors will continue to report your missed payments to the credit bureaus. A bankruptcy, while causing an initial hit to your credit score, will stop the negative reporting and allow you to rebuild your credit score faster.

Bankruptcy is an organized, legal process with pre-defined results. Debt settlement firms function under very little regulation and ask for payments before all the debts are settled, therefore the incentive to settle the debt is not as strong as if they were paid based on results or after everything is taken care of.  Thus, your “debt settlement” is by no means guaranteed.

And one more point on debt settlement agencies: the IRS considers forgiven debt as taxable income. In contrast, debt erased as part of a bankruptcy is not taxable.

Another important point about bankruptcy has to do with timing. It’s key that you don’t file too early or wait too long. Start by simply adding up what you owe and making a simple estimate on what it would take to pay it off yourself. If the discrepancy seems impossible to make up, or would force you to sacrifice your family’s needs just to make a dent in your debt load, then consult an experienced consumer bankruptcy attorney.

On the other hand, don’t wait until the car has been repossessed or the foreclosure notices start arriving. Use your head, remain calm, and speak with an attorney. The bankruptcy concept itself is fairly straightforward.  The process however, requires a good deal of legal expertise.  Engage it wisely.  Take time to understand the basics of filing.

From the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt.  Helping families through bankruptcy since 1995. Call today to set up a free initial debt consultation in one of our 4 convenient office locations. Raleigh, Durham, Fayetteville and Wilson.

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Published Monday, February 1, 2010 @ 10:48 am

The decision to file for bankruptcy is never an easy one, especially where married couples are involved. Spouses must settle issues of dishonesty, mistrust, and frustration–and that’s even before any of the complex steps of collecting necessary documents and filing papers.

But the story for insolvent couples does have a caveat: joint bankruptcy protection. Married debtors can file their cases jointly with one trustee, one filing fee, and one total case. Debtors can bring to the table their joint debts as well as debts they hold only in their name. To be a joint case, the debtors need only be legally married.  And they must be a man and a woman.

Sounds simple right?

Well, for thousands of individuals living in America today, the latter designation raises difficult questions—especially in the growing number of states that recognize same-sex marriage or its legal equivalent (“civil unions”). Yet, as the constitutionality of laws and amendments forbidding marriage equality continue to be litigated across the country, same-sex debtors seeking bankruptcy relief  face even tougher challenges.

Because it is generally accepted that the Defense of Marriage Act (“DOMA”) would preclude the filing of a joint bankruptcy petition by a same sex married couple, these folks face two very different options: (1) make two separate bankruptcy filings, or (2) pursue the right to seek bankruptcy relief as would an opposite-sex married couple. 

While the second option would be a precedent-setting endeavor, fulfilling the true meaning of marriage equality, in reality pursuing this groundbreaking goal is largely antithetical to the larger motivations of most bankruptcy bound individuals, gay or straight: getting out of debt.

In practice, a married same-sex couple will need, more than their heterosexual counterparts, the assistance of a qualified bankruptcy attorney to pull together all of their required financial information;  ensure that it is complete and their disclosures accurate; and research and prepare a case that anticipates a variety of motions attacking the joint filing. Regardless of what “party-in-interest” files the case (as defined by the Bankruptcy Code and common law), the filing will likely be challenged, even before a judge reaches such substantive issues as income, assets, liabilities, and creditors.

In this case, like others for same-sex couples seeking right-giving precedents, while the Bankruptcy Code provides one standard, constitutional arguments will inevitably reveal others that need to be briefed and raised.  Same-sex couples must expect that any decision in their favor will be appealed, perhaps more than once to a US District Court, a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, a Circuit Court of Appeals, or maybe even the Supreme Court of the United States.  For debtors, this type legal wrangling adds ,ore time, more fees and inevitably more stress to what is undoubtedly an already nerve-racking situation.

As a result, for a married same-sex couple facing the need to file bankruptcy, the next steps can mark a tough decision: file singly or fight the system; seek your family’s financial security or a denigrated group’s fundamental rights; moving forward for your family or moving your family forward.  In the end, changing the current state of the law will take either an act of Congress or one or more very brave and very patient married same-sex couples who find themselves drowning in debt and who–in spite of these debts—also feel empowered to fight the good fight.

The state of marriage equality is not yet where it should be in the United States, and this seriously affects the legal rights of same-sex families.  But until the law changes, same-sex couples need expertise in the handling of their cases.

If you live in North Carolina where same-sex marriage is not legal, but are still considering bankruptcy, the bankruptcy experts at the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt offer a totally FREE debt consultation and now, more than ever, it’s time to take them up on their offer. Just call toll free to 1-800-899-1414, or during the off hours, you can make your own appointment right online at www.billsbills.com. Simply click on the yellow “FREE Consultation Now” button.

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Published Monday, January 25, 2010 @ 6:33 pm

It’s tax season. Which means that for most people, it’s time to realize just how much we give to Uncle Sam every year. For some, the prospect of a refund provides a glimmer of hope that some new money is coming in soon to pay off debts.

Just a quick little note on your tax dollars before we get into the meat of this post: it is actually better to owe just a little bit of money after filing because that means that you have used more of our your own money throughout the year instead of giving it all to the government. Sure, a nice windfall come April is a nice thing. But keep in mind that it’s your money—you’re just getting it later. And, when it comes to investing, “money now” is always better than “money later.”

Because it’s tax season, we thought it important to discuss how taxes and personal bankruptcy can relate to one another. It is possible to use bankruptcy as a way to get rid of large, outstanding tax obligations but it’s not as easy as discharging a few grand in credit card debt.

Chapter 13 bankruptcy in most cases requires you to pay back what’s owed within your monthly payment plan and Chapter 7 rarely allows for the complete expulsion of your tax debts. (If you’re not sure of the differences between Chapters 13 and 7, simply do a search on our blog for each.)

There are, however, some precedents set for removing tax obligations as part of a bankruptcy. Although we encourage you to understand that it is a complicated process and the results are not always what you may be hoping for.

(Understand this post is only scratching the surface. Only in person can we provide a full breakdown of taxes and bankruptcy.)

One reason tax debt and bankruptcy tend to get tangled is that past due taxes can fall into all three categories of debt type: Dischargeable, Nondischargebale priority debts, and Nondischargeable priority debts.

Provided you filed your taxes on time, legally and provide no evidence of tax evasion other than legitimately being unable to pay, you can discharge tax debt in Chapter 7 and 13. Still, what’s owed must be more than three years late and assessed more than 240 days before you file. That means that you were officially declared late and in debt that many days before you filed. This ensures the IRS that you are not declaring just to get rid of a recent tax debt.

BUT (you knew there was one), that 240 day window starts only after the last extension expires, not when the original debt was assessed. Other impediments to that three year time-frame include a 90-day addition if a previous bankruptcy case of yours was still open while you were assessed the tax debt; the addition of any time the IRS was prevented from collecting as a result of a court ordered due process hearing plus an additional 90 days; and any time that a debt assistance professional formally asked the IRS to temporarily halt collection efforts.

Basically, any effort you make to delay the collection of tax debt, even if perfectly legal, counts against your ability to discharge tax debt in a bankruptcy.

The key to bankruptcy and taxes, like all things in life really, is to be completely honest and upfront. Any attempt to hide or even coyly plead ignorance will be considered an attempt to obscure or defraud the court and even worse, the IRS. Not being able to pay your taxes, especially after a mid-year job loss, is a common thing. Don’t make it worse.

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Published Monday, January 25, 2010 @ 8:41 am

Part of understanding bankruptcy is knowing who the professionals are that you will meet and deal with along the way. From your attorney to even your creditors, it helps provide a solid foundation of comfort to actually understand the role of those who are playing a role in your financial future.

One of those individuals is the case Trustee, the most prominent member of the bankruptcy process. And, the involvement you have with the case trustee depends on which chapter of bankruptcy you are filing.

As you may know, the 2 main “chapters” are 7 and 13. Well over 95% of all bankruptcy cases filed are filed under Chapter 7 or Chapter 13.

Let’s start by talking about the Chapter 7 trustee.

In every district in the country, there are 1 or more attorneys who have been appointed to act as a Chapter 7 Trustee. These Trustees are also sometimes called panel Trustees. When you file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, one of these panel Trustees is assigned to your case.

The best way to think of this person is as an intermediary between you and the Court, an attorney whose job it is to make sure you have told the truth, the truth and nothing but the truth, to make sure that you have disclosed everything you are legally obligated to disclose, and to find and sell any ‘assets above exemptions’.

Fortunately, in our experience, in about 98% of Chapter 7 cases filed, there are no ‘assets above exemptions’ to sell. What does this mean for you? Just that if you file Chapter 7, there is very little chance you will lose any property you don’t want to lose.

As long as you have told the truth, disclosed everything, cooperate, and have no assets that cannot be protected by available ‘exemptions’, your contact with the Trustee should be a positive one.

However, the best approach is to assume that the Trustee assigned to your case is not your friend, so that you stay cautious and alert.

In most cases, you are first introduced to the trustee at your 341 meeting, also known as the “Meeting of Creditors”. Technically speaking, this meeting is held to provide your creditor an opportunity (in most cases, one last opportunity) to ask you questions. However, most of the time, none of the creditors show up, and then, it’s just you, your attorney and the Trustee. At this meeting the Trustee will ask you questions necessary to get to know you and your case better and necessary for the Trustee to carry out his or her duties. (There a number of posts here on the blog about this meeting. Take a look.)

Let’s say you are unlucky enough that your case falls in the approximately 2% of cases with more assets than can be protected. In this case, it is important that you understand that it is the Trustee’s duty to sell or dispose of those assets ‘above exemptions’, and to then distribute the proceeds to your creditors. Basically, anything not considered exempt property must be seized and sold by the trustee.

The type and amount of exemptions are, for the most part, set by the law of the State where you live. There are exceptions. Being set by State law, exemptions vary greatly. However, since in 98% of bankruptcy cases filed, there are no assets not covered by available exemptions, the exemptions statutes are, for the most part, fairly generous. However, make no assumptions in this regard. Always, always seek the help of an experienced, full time bankruptcy attorney. Such an attorney will be an expert in what exemptions are available in your State and how best to apply them. Such an attorney will also be able to tell you what is not protected.

The Chapter 7 Trustee is also responsible for tracking down any gifts you made just before filing, whether or not they were made in an attempt to hide assets or not. For example, if your nephew got a few thousand from you for his birthday the week before you filed bankruptcy, rest assured that your Trustee will be looking to get this money back. And, it’s not even safe to pay back relatives or friends prior to filing. These people are generally considered “insiders”, and, subject to certain exceptions, paying back insiders during the 12 months before filing bankruptcy is a “no no”, which will result in your Trustee being forced to try to get the money back.

Chapter 7 trustees are paid by a commission based on the amount of money they recover, so it stands to reason they’ll work hard to find and sell what property they can.

Now, let’s talk about Chapter 13.

The Chapter 13 Trustee, aka the Standing Trustee, is also first introduced to you at the 341 meeting. However, their role is more about ensuring your income is sufficient to pay your monthly Chapter 13 plan payment and that your proposed Chapter 13 plan is properly calculated. Assuming all goes well, it is then this Trustee’s job to collect from you your plan payment and to distribute it to your creditors.

Like the Panel Trustee, the Standing Trustee is paid a commission. However, unlike a Chapter 7 Trustee, the Chapter 13 Trustee gets his commission not from what he takes and sells, but rather out of the money you send in each month. Chapter 13 Trustees do not sell things. That’s just not his job.

The best way to think of your Chapter 13 Trustee is as the Chief Financial Officer in charge of your Chapter 13 plan. He runs the business of your Chapter 13 case. He figures out what is needed, and then accounts for and distributes the money you send in each month.

Your relationship with your Chapter 13 Trustee will be vastly different than the one you would have with a Chapter 7 Trustee. Chapter 7 Trustees live, for lack of a better way of saying it, for what they can “kill and eat”. Chapter 13 Trustee do not. Chapter 13 Trustees live off a percentage of what you send in each month. The Chapter 13 Trustee only succeeds in getting paid, if you succeed in making your payments. Therefore, as a general rule, Chapter 13 Trustees, at least those who recognize, so to speak, which “side their bread is buttered”, will go everything in their power to help you make a go of it in Chapter 13.

In most cases, as long as you make your required Chapter 13 plan payment, you can think of the Chapter 13 Trustee as more of a friend than adversary. He or she still has to do the job, but doing the job includes doing the best that can be done to make sure you do yours and that you get the full benefit of bankruptcy, all the way to the desired “discharge”.

If all of this is confusing and scary, we understand. Bankruptcy law is complicated and complex, to say the least. Need an expert? In North Carolina, there are many, good, experienced bankruptcy attorneys.

One is the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt, serving 30 counties in middle and eastern North Carolina. John Orcutt offers a Free initial consultation at 4 different locations: Raleigh, Durham, Fayetteville and Wilson. Call toll free to 1-800-899-1414 or visit his website for tons of info on bankruptcy: www.billsbillsb.com .

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Published Wednesday, December 23, 2009 @ 5:49 pm

Even in these tough economic times, everyone wants their family and friends to have a nice holiday—full of fun, frivolity and festive giving. And, even if you find yourself among the millions considering bankruptcy in the New Year, you may believe, now more than ever, that it’s open [holiday] season to shop for pricey presents using problem credit cards. In fact, many Americans do charge up expensive tabs in the months preceding the Christmas season when anticipating a bankruptcy—hoping to secure some great gifts prior to wiping away these same debts, along with many others, in January or February.

However, it’s never been more important to avoid a holiday spending binge when seeking this fresh financial start. While prudence alone should speak to some of the reasons to avoid abusing bankruptcy for seasonal gains, the Bankruptcy Code itself addresses the issue of this type of credit card debt as well. Section 523(a)(2) exempts from discharge, any debt that was obtained if an individual made material and false representations about his financial condition (i.e. lies on the credit application). Section 523(a)(2)(C) provides that:

1. consumer debts owed to a single creditor and aggregating more than $500 for luxury goods or services (luxury goods defined as goods or services reasonably not necessary for the support or maintenance of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor) incurred by an individual debtor on or within 90 days before the order for relief under this title are presumed to be nondischargeable; and

2. cash advances aggregating more than $750 that are extensions of consumer credit under an open end credit plan obtained by an individual debtor on or within 70 days before the order for relief under this title, are presumed to be nondischargeable;

Section 523(a)(2)(a) excepts from discharge money, property or services incurred by false pretenses, a false representation, or actual fraud (i.e. incurring debt that you knew or should have known that you would not be able to repay).

In layman’s terms, this translates into a stern warning against unnecessary, binge spending in the months leading up to your bankruptcy. As a result, if you do decide to charge up hundreds or thousands of dollars in charges in November or December and then try to discharge that debt in January or February, credit card lenders have three viable arguments they can use to object to discharging your debt in a bankruptcy case. This type of “discharge litigation” not only risks hefty exemptions from your debt relief, but it is also costly to defend, adding more expensive fuel to the insolvency fire.

What can be even more expensive is how these holiday spending sprees can create potential delays in your bankruptcy filing. Often, a bankruptcy attorney will advise clients in the New Year who reveal large Christmas credit card statements, to wait four to six months at a minimum before filing for bankruptcy—during which time you must continue to make regular payments on your new, larger holiday balances.

If you are already in debt, credit card or otherwise, or facing a loss of income, it’s essential to fight the urge to use plastic to purchase that big screen television, new game console, latest toy or anything else you can’t afford. And, if you’re bankruptcy bound, but must spend during this holiday season, as an alternative to credit, try carrying cash, checks or debit cards. As a result of using the money you actually have, you may make more thoughtful purchases and spend less this season, and, in the end, spend less time digging yourself out of post-holiday season debt and its inevitable barriers to bankruptcy.

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Published Sunday, December 13, 2009 @ 8:01 am

If you’re considering a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, chances are you’ve already heard about the Means Test—the test that determines whether or not you qualify for a Chapter 7.

If you make less than the median income for your state, you don’t even have to worry about the means test!  (To find out what your state’s median income is, you can go to http://www.justice.gov/ust/eo/bapcpa/20091101/bci_data/median_income_table.htm).

If you make more than your state’s median income you may still be able to pass the means test by deducting certain expenses from your gross income.  You’re going to want to talk to a qualified bankruptcy attorney about this one, though—the means test is notoriously complicated!  Your attorney has the knowledge and experience to determine what amounts of your income have to be applied to the means test as well as what expenses may be deducted.

Like a tax return, the means test involves calculating your income and from that income, deducting your qualified expenses.  Like a good accountant, a good bankruptcy attorney can help you maximize your deductions!  With your attorney’s help, you’ll be able to deduct the allowable amounts for living expenses like groceries, clothing, housekeeping supplies and housing expenses to include rent, property tax, home maintenance, HOA dues, and utilities.  You’ll also be able to deduct certain amounts for transportation expenses like your car note, vehicle insurance, gas, and registration fees and other necessary expenses like taxes, health care and health insurance, childcare, and court-ordered payments like child support.  Finally, you’ll be able to deduct some of your debt payments: your mortgage, your home equity loan, and past due amounts on your mortgage or car note.

If your surplus income—the amount that’s left over after you subtract your deductions from your income—is not enough to repay a significant amount of your debts over the course of five years, you’ll probably qualify for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

See if you will pass the Means Test and qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy by contacting one of the qualified, experienced bankruptcy attorneys at the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt.  You can even schedule your appointment online at www.billsbills.com or you can call us at 1-800-899-1414.

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Published Wednesday, December 2, 2009 @ 2:52 pm

Have you avoided filing bankruptcy because you’re afraid you’ll lose your home, your automobile, your personal property? You don’t have to be afraid! Bankruptcy laws protect you from becoming homeless, without a car, household goods, your jewelry, or the tools you need to do your job.

When you file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy you are allowed to protect—or, exempt—some or all of your property from being taken away from you. In fact, in lots of cases, bankruptcy exemptions allow you to keep everything you own!

If you’ve lived in North Carolina for at least two years, you can exempt up to $35,000 of the value of your home. What this means is that if you have a home worth $200,000 with a mortgage balance of $165,000, the $18,500 of equity you have in your home is protected! As long as you can keep up with your mortgage payments you can keep your home. Even if you have more than $35,000.00 in equity, you can still protect your property by paying out the value of the non-exempt equity over the course of a Chapter 13 plan. This allows you to discharge your debts AND keep your home.

Similarly, if there is no equity in your car, you will not lose your car! Are you “upside down” on your car loan? Well, as long as you keep making your car payments, you will not lose your car!

But what if you have more than $3,500 equity in your car? What if you have a car worth $4000 that you own outright? Again, in a Chapter 13, you can pay out the difference–$500 in this case—and keep your car!

What else is exempt? Your bankruptcy attorney will help you find all the exemptions you’re entitled to, but here are some of the things you get to keep in a bankruptcy:

• Your furniture, clothes, appliances, books, and other household goods up to a total value of $5,000 for you and an additional $1,000 for each of your dependents. (Up to $4000 total for your dependents.)
• Your other property, up to a total value of $3,500.
• Your professional books and the tools you use for your work or trade, up to $2,000 in total value.
• Your life insurance plan
• Your wheelchair, other mobility aids, your hearing aid, and any other medical equipment prescribed by your doctor
• Your IRA or Roth account
• Your burial plots

What’s not exempt? Anything you’ve purchased in the 90 days before filing bankruptcy. Keep this in mind as you prepare for your bankruptcy filing. We want you keep what you own! Call the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt at 1-800-899-1414 or visit www.billsbills.com.

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Published Sunday, November 29, 2009 @ 2:48 pm

Americans young and old, hit hard by the recent economic meltdown, are turning to any available income, accounts, or other resources to pay down today’s mounting mortgage debt, crushing credit card rates and high health care costs. One such resource—liquidating a registered retirement account like a 401(k)—might appear to be a quick and easy fix to pay down looming expenses or even to avoid filing for bankruptcy.

In reality however, it’s better to “stay away” from 401(k)s, leaving these and other retirement accounts untouched and intact in times of financial distress—even for those bankruptcy bound.

Why, you ask?

Retirement Accounts Like Your 401(k) Are Exempt From Bankruptcy
First and foremost, it’s important to understand that your 401k is safe—even in bankruptcy. Assuming your registered retirement accounts, such as IRAs, 401(k)s, and pension plans, have not been used to secure loans, they’re considered protected assets. And recent amendments to the Bankruptcy Code have made these exemptions available in all states. In the alternative, cashing out a 401(k) automatically means losing your hard-earned savings, higher taxes, and potential delays in any bankruptcy filing.

Cashing Out a 401(k) Means Paying [More] Out In the Long Run
Using retirement savings to pay creditors can create new debt in the form of income taxes and early withdrawal penalties. In fact, considerably higher taxes are the norm if you cash in valuable retirement assets like your 401(k). This heavily taxed income also cannot be discharged in bankruptcy for years and may prevent other qualifying deductions. As a result, this expensive option creates even more economic troubles for families struggling with already weighty debts and considering the benefits of bankruptcy.

401(k) Liquidation May Provide a Substantial Burden to a Productive Bankruptcy
In terms of burdening your bankruptcy proceedings, liquidating your 401k to pay creditors could mean significant delays in productive bankruptcy results. Any cashed out 401(k) funds will be counted as income and considered when evaluating your economic status pending bankruptcy. Therefore, any withdrawals from 401(k)s should be disclosed to your bankruptcy attorney immediately.

401(k)s Fund Your Future
Just as bankruptcy provides a much-needed stopping point for those drowning in debt, maintaining registered retirement accounts, such as IRAs, 401(k)s, and pension plans—even in tough times—provides a comparable and essential starting point for your family’s viable financial future.

So, before you consider liquidating any retirement accounts, such as IRAs, 401(k)s, and pension plans, talk to the skilled bankruptcy attorneys at The Law Offices of John T. Orcutt.

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Published Friday, July 24, 2009 @ 3:27 pm

Few of us learned much about balancing a checkbook, let alone managing our finances during high school. And for many years credit card companies have been trolling college campuses for fresh bodies to press into servitude. So it comes as no surprise that so many young adults are overloaded with debt. Young people, in their early to mid 20’s, are finding out how easy it is to get into debt, and how backbreakingly hard it is to get out of it. Add the present economy and virtual impossibility of securing a decent paying job, and you’ve got the recipe for a disillusioned, frustrated, and eventually hopeless generation.

It’s hard to imagine just starting out in life and being ‘in the hole’. Many of these debt-laden young people are still struggling through college, but many have given up on it. The stress of juggling classes, homework, limited job availability, and staving off the debt monster proves to be too much. They end up working two or three low paying jobs just to keep a roof over their heads and to service their debts.

It’s a catch 22: they can’t go back to school because they have to work to keep up their debt payments; but they can’t get ahead on repaying their debts because they can’t go back to school to get a better job and earn more money to be able to pay more than just the minimum payments and the usurious interest and fees added on. That’s no way to live.

Enter the concept of bankruptcy. Bankruptcy could help many of these young people get off the debt treadmill and get on with their lives. Now, bankruptcy will not be able to get any student loans discharged, (unless the person can show ‘undue hardship’), but it could remove the unsecured debt, thereby freeing up money that be used to pay back the student loan debt. Also, the Department of Education has launched a program, passed in 2007, which will reduce student loan payments to a lower percentage of income, or remove them altogether in the case of very low income. Better yet, if the person returns to school, their student loans can be deferred for as long as they remain a full time student.

But what about getting access to more money to pay college tuition and expenses after filing bankruptcy? Many people are under the impression that filing bankruptcy cuts off your ability to borrow money for a very long time. That’s partially true, but unlike most credit, government guaranteed educational loans are not based upon credit history or income. They are called Title IV loans, and they must be extended if you meet the statutory and administrative criteria. As long as there are no other eligibility issues, such as a student loan in default or drug conviction, the government is restricted from discriminating against those who have filed bankruptcy under § 525 of the Bankruptcy code , however, there are limits to the amount of government loans you can receive each year.

Although default on an existing educational loan may effect your ability to get a subsequent loan, the filing of a bankruptcy in itself should not. To be sure, filing bankruptcy will affect your ability to secure loans from private entities. But then again, those opportunities wouldn’t have been available regardless of whether or not bankruptcy was filed because negative reporting on a credit report would have caused the private loan application to be rejected regardless.

For many young people, filing bankruptcy is a necessary, if unexpected, step toward improving their future. But so is a college education. It is the only long-term solution to their financial woes. And government backed student loans can not be withheld because of a bankruptcy.

If you’re having trouble paying your student loans and other debt, consider bankruptcy as an option. Call the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt today to discuss your options. Offices in Raleigh, Wilson, Fayetteville, and Durham.

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Published Tuesday, June 30, 2009 @ 2:15 pm

There are at least three excellent reasons why should be very circumspect about reporting your assets accurately when you file for bankruptcy. The failure to list assets can have a serious impact on your case and your future ability to file. Be careful to advise your bankruptcy attorney of all assets, regardless of how insignificant the asset may seem. Consider these important reasons to accurately list your assets:

First, and perhaps most importantly, inaccurately reporting assets could land you in jail. Since almost everything you turn in in connection with your bankruptcy will bear your signature, fraudulent misrepresentation on these forms is perjury. At a guess, you’re not trying to go to jail, right? Thus, make sure those forms are accurate!

Second, if your bankruptcy trustee catches on to any funny business with your assets, he could ask the court to deny your discharge. This one doesn’t sound much better than jail time: you’ll have a bankruptcy on your record, you’ll lose the ability to declare bankruptcy for the next several years, and you get nothing for your troubles. Remember that a lot of the actions you take in connection to your assets can easily be discovered by a prudent trustee; a fraudulent transfer of title, for example, will probably be on the public record, where anyone, including your trustee or one of your creditors, could look it up. Playing games here is both wrong and foolish.

Third, accurately reporting an asset could actually help you keep it in the end. Remember that legal technicalities can shape the broad strokes of your case, and make those technicalities work for you! Here are a couple of situations in which your accurate reporting of assets can help you keep them:

One scenario involves an asset you claim as exempt. When you claim an asset as exempt and accompany it with an accurate description, the trustee and your creditors only have 30 days following the 341 meeting of the creditors to raise an objection. If they miss this deadline, the property becomes exempt even if the court could have challenged the exemption of that asset by objecting in a timely manner. This one can really turn out in your favor, and it is not a trick, it’s the way bankruptcy is supposed to provide efficient, workable solutions both for creditors and borrowers.

Even if you’re not claiming an asset as exempt, accurately describing it and listing it could help you keep it if your trustee fails to sell it while your case is still open. If this happens, the asset is considered “abandoned,” and it means that when the case closes,  the asset becomes yours once more. This is a great possibility you definitely want to reserve for yourself, but on the other hand, not reporting accurately could really hurt you. If you do not accurately describe an asset, your case could be reopened even years down the line. Imagine getting all the way through the bankruptcy process and beginning to rebuild your life only to have the case barge back into play years down the line. What a headache! Thus, keep this rule of thumb close when you file: make sure you accurately list your assets. Hire a bankruptcy attorney who will assess your total financial situation and advise you on protecting all of your assets.

From: The Law Offices of John T. Orcutt, with convenient office locations in Raleigh, Durham, Fayetteville, and Wilson. Call (toll free) 1-800-899-1414, to set up a free, confidential debt consultation. Visit www.billsbills.com for more information.

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Published Sunday, June 28, 2009 @ 8:45 pm

Planning for your retirement early is extremely important, yet appreciating this point can be difficult for people who aren’t looking to retire soon. It’s even harder to remember the importance of planning for retirement when it remains years or even decades off…all while the harsh realities of the economy are here today. Credit card companies compound the problem, advertising instant gratification while minimizing focus on long term financial stability. As the credit markets tighten, it’s tough to resist cutting back on retirement contributions. For those with a significant nest egg, it’s very tempting to cash out now and rebuild later.

Unfortunately, many of us approach bankruptcy as a last resort, an option to be avoided at all costs in the interest of our future financial soundness. In order to avoid bankruptcy, we make serious mistakes that betray the security of our financial futures. Those kinds of mistakes are precisely what this blog is intended to highlight and discourage. Before you make a mistake you may regret years if not decades from now, just to avoid declaring bankruptcy, make sure you have the facts straight. One classic mistake people make in a misguided effort to avoid declaring bankruptcy is dipping into― yep, you guessed where this is going― their retirement funds.

But it’s your money, so why is spending it such a bad idea, especially if it may save you a lot of trouble or help you avoid bankruptcy? An important clue can be found in the status of retirement funds in bankruptcy law. Did you know that in most states, your creditors cannot touch your retirement unless your actions enable them to do so? 401lks, IRAs, 529 plans- all protected by state and federal exemptions Even your rollovers are protected. Generally, a creditor will only be able to call in money from your retirement funds if you withdraw the money or take out a loan and fail to repay. For this reason, it is very important to avoid taking withdrawing any money from your retirement. Bankruptcy protection can’t protect you unless you allow it to!

What if you have high credit card debt, and you are thinking about borrowing against your retirement in order to chip away at those payments? This is exactly the kind of move you want to avoid and exactly the kind of situation where you need to think of bankruptcy as the next step, and not a last resort. Bankruptcy protection can allow you to discharge unsecured debts like credit card debt while keeping your retirement funds safe for the time they’re meant to be used: retirement. You may also be creating a whole new host of problems for yourself by borrowing against your 401k, even if you are able to address some issues in the short term.

What if you borrow against your retirement but then can’t repay it on time? You will likely face some serious tax consequences; remember, recent tax liabilities are one area where bankruptcy protection won’t be able to help you. Or what if you borrow against your retirement funds, but then you lose your job? You may be responsible for repaying the loan almost immediately, and this will naturally be difficult if you are out of work. As these scenarios illustrate, dipping into the well of retirement funds can be more trouble than it’s worth. Bottom line, if you’re thinking about withdrawing from your retirement to deal with your debt, it’s time to call a bankruptcy attorney. Protect your financial future, file bankruptcy now!

From: The Law Offices of John T. Orcutt, with convenient office locations in Raleigh, Durham, Fayetteville, and Wilson. Call (toll free) 1-800-899-1414, to set up a free, confidential debt consultation. Visit www.billsbills.com for more information.

Raleigh bankruptcy. Wilson bankruptcy. Apex bankruptcy. Durham bankruptcy. Fayetteville bankruptcy. Sanford bankruptcy.

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Published Saturday, June 13, 2009 @ 10:32 am

We have put a lot on the blog about how your home can be affected by bankruptcy. Hopefully, you’ve read through some of those posts. If not, simply do a search to find as much as you can about the topic because knowing how bankruptcy affects where you lay your head down at night can be very helpful to you and your family.

To continue on the topic, let’s talk about the Homestead Exemption. It can be a little confusing and this post will touch on the general aspects of it and the specifics can (and should) be left for your face-to-face meeting with one of our attorneys.

Homestead exemption laws are in place to shield your house from creditors who do not have a lien on it. In other words, your credit card company can’t come after it. The amount of value placed on your home is based on its equity. If the market says your home is worth $200,000 and you owe $180,000 on the mortgage, your equity is $20,000. Pretty simple math.

Different states have different numbers for the amount of the exemption. So, if you are in a state where the exemption is $20,000 or more, your only concern is the mortgage holder. Thus, one of the best questions you can put on your list when you meet with your bankruptcy attorney for the first time is: “What is the state’s homestead exemption?” In North Carolina, it’s $18,500 per owner. (But that is not all you need to know about it; so still ask the question!)

In most states, the amount of the exemption is limited. Some states in the South and Midwest, however, have unlimited homestead exemptions, including Texas, Florida, Iowa and South Dakota. However, even in those states, if you acquired your home within 1,215 days of bankruptcy, you are limited to protections of only $125,000.

Here’s another confusing aspect of the homestead exemption laws: some states allow you to choose either their state’s exemptions or the federal government’s exemptions under the Bankruptcy Code. North Carolina does not, however. You are subject to the state’s rules. Also, you need to have been a resident of your state for at least two years to claim the exemption in your current state. However, if you have not lived in your state for two years, you are subject to the exemption rules of the state in which you lived 180 days prior to filing.

As some people have done, never try to leverage the homestead exemption by quickly buying down your mortgage in order to create more equity. The amount of the exemption can actually be reduced by whatever amount of equity a person tries to create intentionally as a way to hamper creditors ability to collect from you. So, let’s say things were starting to get bad for you and the creditors have found your phone number. You decide that a bunch of cash you have from a recent windfall will be better spent buying into your mortgage instead of paying off the delinquent boat loan. If you then file for bankruptcy within a few weeks, your homestead exemption will be reduced by that amount.

The homestead exemption is one of the more challenging bankruptcy concepts to grasp at first, which again, is why you should make sure to ask your bankruptcy attorney about how it will affect you. In the end, it’s all about protecting your home. While you may have made some spending errors along the way, they are certainly not worth losing your home.

Live in North Carolina and need to find out what your rights are. Contact the bankruptcty attorneys at the Law Offices of John T. Orcutt, experienced attorneys offering a totally free and confidential consultation and serving 28 counties in N.C. (See list at www.billsbills.com/offices.php. To make an appointment for a free consultation, during normal business hours, call toll free 1-800–899-1414, or make an “online” appointment by visiting our website at www.billsbills.com.

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Published Sunday, May 24, 2009 @ 6:42 pm

Whether you file bankruptcy under Chapter 7 or Chapter 13, pretty much everything you own at the time you file the petition becomes property of the “bankruptcy estate”. Sounds bad, right? Wrong! Just because property is included in the bankruptcy estate doesn’t mean your creditors can get their hands on it. Many, if not all, of your assets will be considered “exempt,” meaning your creditors can’t touch them. The rest are considered “nonexempt.”

Understanding the difference is very important in both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 cases. In a Chapter 7 case, nonexempt assets are subject to liquidation; the trustee can take the property, sell it, and distribute the proceeds to your creditors. In a Chapter 13 case, the amount you have to pay your creditors is generally equivalent to the value of your nonexempt assets. In other words, if you have $10,000 in nonexempt assets, you’ll have to pay at least that much over the life of the repayment plan.

So what is considered “exempt”? Well, the Bankruptcy Code sets forth a list of various types of property and assets that debtors can keep. Each state also has its own list of exemptions. Thirty-four states have opted out of the federal exemptions. Debtors in those states must use the state exemptions. The other states allow debtors to choose between the federal and state exemptions. Fortunately, the federal exemptions and those of each state allow you to keep most of the property that you need and value the most.

For most people, the two most important assets are their home and their car. The exemptions for these types of property generally turn on the amount of equity a person has in the property. Equity is the extent to which the value of an asset exceeds what you owe for it. If you don’t have any equity in your home or car, there’s no issue; you get to keep it, end of story. If you do have equity, you can exempt up to a certain amount of that equity. To the extent your equity exceeds that amount, it is considered nonexempt. In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, this means the trustee could sell the property to recover that equity, or you may have to pay the difference if you want to keep the property. In such cases, Chapter 13 bankruptcy may be the better option for you.

The exemptions avaliable in North Carolina, which has opted out of the federal exemptions, are a good example. North Carolina provides a “homestead exemption,” which allows you to keep up to $18,500 of the equity in your home. You can also exempt up to $3,500 of equity in your car. For household goods (furniture, appliances, clothes, etc.), you get to exempt up to $5,000 in value, plus an additional $1,000 for each dependent you have (up to $4,000). You can exempt up to $2,000 for professional books and tools particular to your trade.

Additional exemptions in North Carolina include: life insurance proceeds; personal injury awards; retirement accounts and annuities; all IRA accunts; public benefits (e.g., social security and unemployment payments); up to $3,500 in professionally-prescribed health aids; all alimony and child support payments; and up to $5,000 toward any other property, to the extent you haven’t used all of your homestead exemption (the “wildcard” exemption).

There is also an unlimited “tenancy by the entirety” exemption to protect any and all real property you have. In North Carolina, real property bought in the name of husband and wife is deemed to be a “tenancy by the entirety”. The only drawback is that this exemption cannot be claimed against creditors where both you and your spouse owe the debt. Where that is not a problem, this exemption can be a lifesaver, to protect your home as well as other real property.

The really good news is that, in North Carolina, every person gets to claim a full set of these exemptions. For example, if you and your spouse decide to file bankruptcy together (called “jointly”), you get a full set of exemptions and so does your spouse. In effect, this doubles the amount of stuff you and your spouse can keep and protect.

Understanding and correctly applying the available exemptions is crucial to ensuring you get the maximum benefit bankruptcy has to offer you. That’s why it is essential to retain an experienced bankruptcy attorney who can walk you through this process. In North Carolina, contact The Law Offices of John T. Orcutt, with convenient office locations in Raleigh, Durham, Fayetteville, and Wilson.

P.S. Want to know the “really, really good news”? Most of the time, with proper planning, clients of The Law Offices of John T. Orcutt get to keep everything and lost nothing. That’s right…file bankruptcy…and lose nothing.

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Published Friday, May 15, 2009 @ 12:35 pm

Bankruptcy is a tool to be used strategically. Part of the reason you should consult with a bankruptcy lawyer is precisely to work out that strategy. A smart bankruptcy is timed judiciously; you don’t want to wait until it is too late and you have lost too much, but you also don’t want to file if waiting a little is to your benefit.

A good bankruptcy attorney will review your situation and help you decide if the time is right. Because so many people view bankruptcy as the ultimate stigma, they wait too long to file―until they’ve suffered unreasonably long or lost too much in the battle with debt. If you are considering bankruptcy seriously, chances are the time is right. Actually, it was probably right quite some time ago. Nevertheless, some financial circumstances or life situations call for postponing bankruptcy until the best moment.

One important consideration is maximizing your exemptions. If you are expecting a considerable tax return, you should probably wait to file until after you have received the refund. When you get the money, you can use it toward essentials that will be exempted and then file; if you file before you get the return, it will be put to use toward your debts.

Another consideration is anticipated debt. If you are facing some serious medical bills in the future, you may want to wait to file until after that happens. You will not be able to file a Chapter 7 for another eight years, four for a Chapter 13, so if you get in over your head you may be out of luck. You should time your bankruptcy so that you can get the maximum protection; sometimes you have to wait to ensure that you will be able to discharge all credit purchases and as much tax as possible.

Certain recent activities on your part can count against you in the process, so if you’ve engaged in them you may consider delaying your filing. One example of this is if you have recently repaid considerable personal debts owed to family members or friends. A trustee can recover this money from your family members or friends, and you surely want your loved ones to hold on to that money. You also want to delay filing if you have recently acquired a large amount of debt or have purchased luxury items. For the former, your creditors may be able to prevent you from eliminating those recent debts by claiming fraud; for the latter, the trustee may be able to set the purchases aside. If you transfer property fraudulently or to avoid handing it over to creditors too close to the bankruptcy, the trustee can set these aside or the court may dismiss your case.

You may also want to wait to file until you can pass the Means Test. Because the Test is based on your average income over a six month period, a month or two of greatly reduced income may allow you to pass where a big paycheck didn’t. That doesn’t mean you should go out and quit your job! However, if you have lost your job recently but wouldn’t pass the Means Test right away because of a large paycheck, delaying the filing might be a good idea.

Think over your options carefully, but don’t wait too long or take stabs in the dark. If you’re unsure about your circumstances, you should consult with a bankruptcy attorney to strategize the timing of your bankruptcy so that you can get the maximum protection filing can afford. Raleigh bankruptcy attorney John T. Orcutt has helped thousands of families plan for bankruptcy. If you are in North Carolina, call our office today to set up a free initial consultation. Offices in Raleigh, Durham, Wilson and Fayetteville.

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Published Wednesday, April 8, 2009 @ 5:47 pm

Wondering about the basics of Chapter 7 bankruptcy? Here they are, in a nutshell:

Chapter 7 bankruptcy (sometimes referred to as “liquidation bankruptcy)” is designed to allow you to wipe out all or most of your unsecured debts. These are things like credit card debt and medical bills, which are not secured by some sort of collateral. Getting rid of these debts is the biggest benefit of filing bankruptcy. Imagine how much money you’d have in your pocket if you weren’t throwing it away on monthly credit card payments?

Many people are under the impression that they must give up their property when they file for Chapter 7. This is not necessarily true. The property you get to keep is called “exempt” property. Bankruptcy exemptions are dollar amounts, and act to protect an individual’s assets. Depending on the state you live in, these dollar amounts are fairly generous. For example, in North Carolina, the real property exemption for a married couple is up to $37,000.00 of any home equity. Of course, there are various exemptions for different kinds of assets, including household goods, automobiles, etc. So long as the “yard sale” value of your assets do not exceed the exemption, you get to keep your assets. But even if they do exceed exemption limitations, another form of bankruptcy might still be an option. Talk to a knowledgeable attorney who can guide you through these issues.

What are the qualifications for a Chapter 7? The first eligibility requirement is usually easy enough: you have to be a resident of the United States. You also have to meet certain financial requirements. Your income over the last six months must have been equal to or less than the “median family income” (the median income of a family of your size in your state). If you made too much money to meet this test, you can still qualify under “the means test.” This is based upon the amount of your monthly “disposable” income (what’s left after you’ve paid all your bills). As long as the disposable income doesn’t exceed a certain amount, you probably qualify for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

While having filed for bankruptcy in the past won’t necessarily prevent you from doing so again, there are some time period limitations. You can file again so long as the last time you filed was more than six months ago and you have not received a discharge under Chapter 7 in the last eight years (or in the last six years under Chapter 13).

So, that’s it in a nutshell. The specifics will vary from case to case. If you’re having trouble managing your unsecured debts and want to know if Chapter 7 is right for you, it’s best to contact a bankruptcy attorney to discuss your specific situation.

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